Improvements in healthcare treatments worldwide, and increased access to them, means we are living longer than ever before. The global number of elderly people, aged 65 or above, outnumbered children under five years of age in 2018 for the first time, while those aged 80 and over is forecast to triple between 2019 and 2050. But the impact on our healthcare systems will be profound and unprecedented, and treatment strategies will need to adapt to ensure patients receive the best treatment throughout their extended life expectancies